A dental guide to cross-coding for oral cancer screening
Dental professionals are a patient’s primary source of screening within the oral cavity; thus attention must be paid to the most common oral malignancy: squamous cell carcinoma. Historically such malignancies were attributed only to patients with a history of extensive alcohol and tobacco use. However, other risk factors such as human papilloma virus and medication use are shifting the profession’s perception of who may be at risk for oral cancer.
Dental professionals are a patient’s primary source of screening within the oral cavity; thus attention must be paid to the most common oral malignancy: squamous cell carcinoma. Historically such malignancies were attributed only to patients with a history of extensive alcohol and tobacco use.
However, other risk factors such as human papilloma virus and medication use are shifting the profession’s perception of who may be at risk for oral cancer.
According to experts, “the dentist must consider all patients at risk and act accordingly in the history-taking and examination phases of the dental visit.“1 Due to the newfound understanding of oral cancer risk, the dental professional should take seriously the options for insurance coverage from both the dental and medical insurer for the patient’s exam.
The facts
Historically dental professionals relied solely on health history and visual exams to detect abnormalities in the oral cavity. While within acceptable limits, the variance in training and experience of the practitioner is enough to leave the patient questioning reliability. What is more, recent evidence suggests high rates of clinical misdiagnosis by general oral health practitioners1. Thus, studies suggest that augmenting the traditional approach with technology can in fact assist the practitioner in “One of the most difficult decisions a clinician may face…when to refer a lesion for further investigation and biopsy.”2
It would stand to reason that implementing the most comprehensive exam available be enough to garner the use of a targeted risk factor checklist including (but not limited to) information on the patient’s history of tobacco use, alcohol consumption, exposure to HPV, and recreational drug use; as well as the use of a chemiluminescent device to augment the risk assessment visual exam. However, many patients are bound financially to what will and will not be covered by their insurance plans. So to further the argument for use of oral cancer screening devices mentioned above, it is worth noting that both dental and medical insurance codes can and should be utilized during the process.
Cross-coding for oral cancer screening
Nearly 41,000 Americans will be diagnosed with oral cancer in 2014. The survival rate of this cancer, when found in late stages is at best grim. However, equipped with new evidence regarding risk factors for the disease as well as innovative tools to add to an office armament like oral cancer screening devices and comprehensive health history forms, patients can be confident their dental team can alert them in the case malignancies are suspected.
If something is found, the patient’s dental insurance should be billed first, utilizing appropriate CDT codes.
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Dental codes
CDT D0480 for adjunctive pre-diagnostic test that aids in detection of mucosal abnormalities including premalignant and malignant lesions, not to include cytology or biopsy procedures. A copy of the pathology report is needed for hard and soft tissue biopsies: D7285-D7286.
Medical codes
If the patient’s dental plan does not cover the procedure, a medical claim can be used. The International Classification of Disease codes (ICD) are required each time a claim is submitted to describe what abnormalities have been detected. The most common in the case of oral cancer screening are listed under the new ICD 10 codes. The encounter, follow up and “why” are found under these categories. This is just a sample of the list, but the most common within the dental practice for oral cancer.
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Categories Z00-Z99 are provided for occasions when circumstances other than a disease, injury or external cause classifiable to categories A00-Y89 are recorded as 'diagnoses' or 'problems'. This can arise in two main ways:
(a) When a person who may or may not be sick encounters the health services for some specific purpose, such as to receive limited care or service for a current condition, to donate an organ or tissue, to receive prophylactic vaccination (immunization), or to discuss a problem which is in itself not a disease or injury.
(b) When some circumstance or problem is present which influences the person's health status but is not in itself a current illness or injury.
Excludes:
- Aftercare following medical care (Z43-Z49, Z51)
- Surveillance of contraception (Z30.4-)
- Surveillance of prosthetic and other medical devices (Z44-Z46)
Nonspecific abnormal findings disclosed at the time of these examinations are classified to categories R70-R94.
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Malignant codes should only be used if the doctor is 100 percent sure of the diagnosis.
The other set of medical codes used are called Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. These codes can be used to cover things like the exam, screening devices, radiographs and other procedural tools. In this case the CPT code for the use of an oral cancer-testing device is:
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The bottom line
As a patient’s first line of defense dental screening for oral cancer is a necessary part of the dental practitioner’s job. With the advances in diagnostic and screening technology and the safe-guard of cross-billing, there is no reason patients should not be offered a comprehensive oral cancer screening utilizing the latest technology as part of their regular dental visit.
There are complexities within both dental and medical billing. Classes, consulting and training are recommended for practitioners new to one or both systems. For a consult on all types of billing, including that discussed here, dental professionals should contact consultant Christine Taxin at Links2Success.biz.
References
1 Kondori I, Mottin RW, Laskin DM. (2011, Jul-Aug). Accuracy of dentists in the clinical diagnosis of oral lesions. Quintessence Int., 42(7):575-7.
2 Denise M. Laronde, P. M. Williams, T. G. Hislop, Catherine Pohl, Samson Ng., Chris Bajdik, Lewei Zhang, Calum MacAulay, Miriam P. Rosin . (2013). Influence of fluorescence on screening decisions for oral mucosal lesions in community dental practices. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine.
3 ADA, CDT 2014: Dental Prodedure Codes, 2013
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